effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on renal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity during pneumoperitoneum in rats

To evaluate the renal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase [Na+/K+ATPase] activity, kidney morphology, and the probable protective effects of 2 different anesthetic agents used during pneumoperitoneum [PP]. The study was performed at Gazi University Experimental Research Center, Ankara, Turkey between January and July 2009. Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats weighing 320-380 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups after receiving ethics committee approval. All rats were cannulated, intubated, and ventilated under ketamine anesthesia. No further surgical intervention was performed for group I. An intraabdominal pressure [IAP] of 10 mm Hg was created by CO[2] insufflation in 18 animals for one hour. The animals in group II received no further anesthetic agents, while the animals in groups III and IV received propofol and sevoflurane. At the end of the protocol, all animals underwent left nephrectomy without sacrificing. Urine was collected from each animal for the following 24 hour for the evaluation of urine creatinine and protein. The activity of renal Na+/K+ATPase was significantly lower in groups II [p=0.014], III [p=0.019], and IV [p=0.032] compared to group I. The pathological score was significantly higher in groups II [p=0.017], III [p=0.028], and IV [p=0.039] compared to group I. No statistically significant difference was found among groups II, III, and IV in terms of Na+/K+ATPase activity and pathological scores. Elevated IAP is related with impaired kidney functions and morphology, and the so-called renoprotective agents neither improved, nor worsened PP-related renal impairment

Comparison of the efficacy of propofol and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery

To compare the administration of sub hypnotic dose of propofol with metoclopramide and placebo in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after middle ear surgery. This clinical research was performed in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2004 and October 2005. Following approval by the hospital ethics committee, 60 adult patients scheduled for a middle ear operation were randomly assigned into 3 groups. The patients in group P received 0.5 mg.kg-1 propofol; in group M, 0.2 mg.kg-1 metoclopramide, and in group C, 0.9% saline solution. The number of patients suffering from nausea and vomiting at 0-4, 4-12, and 12-24 hours postoperatively, and additional use of antiemetics was recorded. Comparisons of the data showed that at 0-4th hours, the incidence of vomiting was 25% in group P, 40% in group M, and 75% in group C. The incidence rate of group P was significantly lower than that of group C [p=0.002], and the rate of antiemetics use in group C was higher than that in group P [p=0.028]. The Nausea Vomiting Scale scores of group C were also significantly higher than those of group P [p=0.005]. There were no significant differences between the values at 4-12 and 12-24 hours. The administration of a sub hypnotic dose of propofol at the end of surgery was found to be at least as effective as metoclopramide in preventing PONV in the early postoperative period in adult patients undergoing middle ear surgery

Effects of lidocaine on membrane stabilization in harvested vein graft storage

To investigate the effects of lidocaine on the morphology of saphenous veins [SVs] harvested during coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] surgery. This experimental study was conducted at the Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, between May and September 2007. The SVs from 11 patients who underwent CABG surgery were divided into 3 segments. Each segment from the same location of the grafts was allocated into 3 groups as control group [group C], physiologic saline group [group PS], and lidocaine group [group L]. Nitric oxide synthase [NOS], nitric oxide [NO] pool, super oxide dismutase [SOD], and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] levels were measured in the samples from the groups. Histologic specimens were evaluated according to previously defined criteria, and scored accordingly. Histological examination of the grafts in groups L and C were similar, but histological scoring of grafts in group PS were statistically higher than group C [p=0.008]. Nitric oxide synthase activity and NO pool were higher in groups L and PS than in group C [p=0.010]. Super oxide dismutase activity was higher in group L than in group PS [p=0.008]. Super oxide dismutase activity was lower in group PS than in group C [p=0.047]. There was no significant difference between TBARS level in all groups. Our results indicate that primary damage might occur during surgery due to traumatic handling of the graft, and succeeding injuries could occur due to ischemia-reperfusion injury during the waiting period. Adding lidocaine to the preservation solution will protect later injury

effect of nicotine on the recovery of rats receiving anesthesia

To determine the effect of intraperitoneal [ip] nicotine on the recovery of rats receiving general anesthesia compared with placebo. The placebo controlled experimental study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Turkey, between April and May 2005. Twenty-one male and 21 female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group C [n=14], comprising a female group CF [n=7], and male group CM [n=7] received ip 0.9% sodium chloride [NaCl], group P [n=14], comprising a female group PF [n=7], and male group PM [n=7] received ip propofol 150 mg/kg, and group NP [n=14], comprising a female group NPF [n=7], and male group NPM [n=7] received 0.4 mg/kg ip nicotine followed by 150 mg/kg propofol after 15 minutes. For the evaluation of recovery period, tail pinch test was used, and for cognitive performance, the radial arm maze test was used. The number of entrances and exits decreased in group P significantly compared to group C [p<0.05], and the decrease in group PF was higher than it was in group PM. Entrance and exit in group NP increased significantly compared to group P [p<0.05]. The increase in entrance and exit in group NPF was much higher compared to group NPM. The recovery period in group NP was significantly shorter than in group P [p<0.05]. The ip administration of nicotine in rats shortens the recovery from propofol anesthesia and improves cognitive performance